Economics of public transportation

A few weeks ago, the Walls Street Journal editorial ran a commentary criticizing government support of public transportation. (Given the reputation of WSJ's editorial board, I am not surprised by its view). One of the chief reasons WSJ did not like public transportation is that the business of public transportation has never been profitable on its own. Public transportation always requires government subsidies. That is true in Europe, and probably also true in Japan and China.

But is profit the only measure we should use here? From the microscopic level, considering only the economics of public transportation as a business, I agree that public transportation is not a good "business". But it does not mean it is not a good public policy to support it.

If you look from the societal level (macroscopic level), the picture is more positive. The cost of public transportation is obvious, government subsidies. But the benefits of public transportation cannot be ignored. First and foremost, it reduces the society's aggregate consumption of energy. More people uses public transportation, less money will be spent to import oil from the middle east. Yes, the government has to spend money to subsidize public transportation. But the money spent by the government remains in this country, creating jobs, and producing income multiplying effect on the economy. Otherwise, the money would have been spent to import oil/energy from foreign countries anyway. That money does not create any job in this country, and does not stimulate domestic economy.

Now is a great time to encourage public transportation and wean the nation off the dependence of foreign oil. Consumers are already cutting back personal driving, and looking for alternative transportation options. We need the government on all levels to lend its support for building a better public transportation infrastructure and implementing sound long term policy to incentivize the public to take public means of transportation. And in a long run, as ridership rises, public transportation may indeed become a profitable business on its own right, without requiring government subsidies.